Can Retention Be Good for a Student Essay

In today’s society, there is a large debate of what is best for a child’s learning development when they are below level in learning. Educators debate the fact about whether grade retention is good for a student, or is it more appropriate to advance them with their peers, and there is research available to support what is being said. What is meant by retention or non-promotion is having a child repeat a particular grade or requiring a child of appropriate age to postpone entry to the next grade. In doing research I have found some interesting facts, and one of the biggest impacts I have found was by using the search engine to research positive effects of grade retention, the results that were found showed that there is not much available to support the facts. By retaining a child can be extremely hurtful to their self-esteem, risk ridicule and bullying from other children and may also increase behaviors caused by retention. Other things to consider would be at what cost will a child be retained, and what are the results as the child grows older. There are different options that could be considered as opposed to retention. The cost of retaining a child varies from on an average of $5,000 per year and the cost of the child’s shame and embarrassment should also be considered. So why not take this money and apply it to meeting the needs of a student in the areas where he or she might require the help as opposed to causing any shame and embarrassment one might experience. As a mother of two classified children who were faced with learning disabilities and one who just had difficulty learning. I was always told the worst thing you can do to a child who has difficulty learning is retained them, let alone if they were classified. For the simple fact that a child already beats themselves up by thinking they are stupid that they cannot learn what all their friends seem to be learning, and by doing this they are killing whatever self-esteem they have left. I found it helpful to know there was more than one option out there for my children. I made the choice not to have my children retained based on what I researched and what I thought was best for my children. My children stayed with their peers, obtained extra help by attending pull out service and in class support, and whatever other services were available by which was provided by my school district. I also had the advantage of the government on my side because my children were classified; the school district received extra money for my children’s education. If a child is retained, it might give them the opportunity to relearn, refresh and acquire the skills that were missed the first time around and might help them move to the next grade level (Malone, 2005). But what happens when these children who get â€Å"caught up† in the skills and are not with their own peers? The ridicule that they receive from their new set of peers begins to set in and their self-esteem becomes crushed. In addition, what happens after that first year of retention, when the child is caught up on that level and then begins to fall behind in the years to come? Does this child keep getting retained? Or does someone come up with new ideas? The intentions of the educators, I am sure, think they are doing what is best for the child, but in reality is seems to be more of a gamble. When a child does not meet the standards of the school district to continue with his or her peers, some feel it makes sense to retain them and let them repeat the grade. The hope is that these children will pass the grade the second time around. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, as a nation we fail to promote 13% of our students (Bowser, 1998). According to Philip Bowser (NEA Today, 1998), a district-wide school psychology, who had followed children who were retained over the years, the results might have seemed good after the first year, but as time went on things with these children did not appear to be particular pretty. He witnessed children who did not make the academic progress as others had wished, and at the same time, these children developed measurable deficits in mental health problems. He also observed that the â€Å"Old for grade† adolescents increase the risk for substance abuse, earlier age of sexual introduction, behavioral problems and emotional distress (including suicidal thoughts). Comparing retained students with similar students who were socially promoted frequently shows that most students do not catch up when they are held back; even though they seem to do better at first, they tend to fall behind again in future grades. The results are most likely to become alienation from school and eventually drop out and these finding are just as much for kindergarten and first-graders held back because they were alleged to lack maturity or readiness as they do for older students. By using retention as an option it provides either no achievement benefit or only a short lived advantage comparative to social promotion, and the inflict cost on the retained students, their teachers, and the school system. According to the studies, the children most likely to be retained are small in physique or youngest in their grade, more boys than girls, who often moved around from home to home and or from low-income families whose parents are not involved in their schooling and also have a lower educational achievement. These students who are often retained have a lower achievement in reading and language arts compared to most students in the classroom; however, there are often peers who are equally low-achieving but promoted (Jimerson, Carlson, Rotert, Egeland, & Sroufe 1997; Sandoval, 1998). Educators feel by retaining children they are offering them the gift of time to store up on learning and prepare for the future. When in reality school districts are just trying to improve on the standardize tests. In researching this subject, I have found mixed emotions on the topic of retention, and it has seemed to me that although some might think one is better than the other, I feel the answer lies in the other options that are out there for children besides retention. If a child or children can be promoted with their peers and offered other solutions to their academic issues then why not help these children the best way we know how? If we start at an early age helping these children by offering preschool intervention programs, we could be getting a jump on the problems. According to Casto & Mastropieri, 1986; Zigler & Styfco, 2000 A primary purpose of preschool intervention programs is generally to assist at-risk students before they experience academic challenges, through enhancing foundation skills necessary for subsequent academic success. Basic literacy skills, pro social behaviors, and socio emotional development are often emphasized in pre-school programs. By enhancing skills for academic success through preschool programs, retention maybe prevented (p.52) Other solutions might consist of comprehensive program to help promote a child’s social and academic development such as that help integrate strategies to promote children’s academics by having after school programs and or summer school programs where children can seek extra help in the academic areas that need reinforcing. Another idea that can be offered is Looping and Multi-Age classrooms. Looping is a classroom in which a child can spend more than one year with one teacher so this teacher can provide the instruction that is needed and embrace a child’s strength in the process of learning. Multi-Age classrooms allow students of different ages and abilities to move ahead at his or her own pace and the possibility to learn from one another (May, Kundert, & Brent, 1995) By districts offering other solutions to retention such as parent involvement, early reading programs and effective strategies with academics and behavior modification programs it will be making long term goals for these children as opposed to the short term objective of a child being retained. Parents need to be aware of their rights and their children’s right and realize that sometimes we do know what is best for our children and just because someone says or thinks retention is in your child’s best interest, just do not agree, they should know the facts and know what is available for their children. By educating themselves as parents is the best defense they have to protect their children and their right to an education that meets their needs. These solutions are clear that by assisting children and helping them gaining the knowledge and self-esteem to learn it will help reduce the rate of children wanting to drop out in the long run. It will allow for them to get the education they want, let alone deserve. The success rate will be higher and the educators and parents can be proud of the choices they made to help children progress and succeed in life. So to use the words of social promotion is not exactly fair because it sounds like a child only gets promoted for social reasons. In fact, it is the right of these children to go to school with other children their own age. Then the educators can provide the help these children need and deserve when falling behind in their academics and cognitive skills, and not just to say retention is the only way they have to go. Reference Bowser, P. B. Can Retention Be Good for a Student?. Retrieved February 1, 2008, Web site: http://www. roseburg. k12. or. us/sec/handouts/GRADRETE. htm Casto, G. , & Mastropieri, M. A. (1986). The efficacy of early intervention programs: A meta-analysis. Exceptional Children,52, 417– 424. Jimerson, S. R. , Carlson, E. , Rotert, M. , Egeland, B. , & Sroufe, L. A. (1997). A prospective, longitudinal study of the correlates and consequences of early grade retention. Journal of School Psychology, 35, 3–25. May, D. C. , Kundert, D. K. , & Brent, D. (1995). Does delayed entry reduce later grade retentions and use of special education services? Remedial and Special Education, 16, 288–294. Sandoval, J. (1984). Repeating the first grade: How the decision is made. Psychology in the Schools, 21, 457– 462. Social Promotion – In Comparison to Grade Retention, Advantage and Disadvantages, Different Perspectives. In Education Encyclopedia – StateUniversity. com: Education Encyclopedia [Web]. Retrieved 1/31/2008, from http://education. stateuniversity. com/pages/2431/Social-Promotion. html†>Social Promotion – In Comparison to Grade Retention, Advantages and Disadvantages, Different Perspectives.

The Ethics Of Human Cloning - 918 Words

The advancement of technology and scientific ideas has raised debates about the ethics of in-vitro fertilization, preimplantation, stem cell research, demographic control, for example, by sterilization, genetic modification for health or physical enhancement, and human cloning. The idea of human cloning is most interesting because it is most mysterious and very complex. The topic of human cloning inclusively brings up issues also raised in the mentioned technologies. Human cloning is of two types: therapeutic and reproductive. Therapeutic cloning aims to produce tissues or organs from cells of a cloned embryo, whereas reproductive cloning aims to further develop the cloned embryo into a human being (Glannon 89). Motivations for human cloning are therapeutic, research, and enhancement. Bioethicist John Harris explains that human cloning may benefit people’s understanding of genetic nature and abnormalities, as intended with animal cloning (148). Harris expands explaining that human cloning could, if proved safe, could provide an alternative or better choice to techniques, such as pre-implantation, for scientific testing (144). In addition, human cloning could supply needy people with organs (148). Most popular, human cloning would give people another way to have children of their own, helpful to infertile people and people with hereditary genetic diseases. (148). Leon Kass explains that people might also seek human cloning to substitute for a dear relative (149). HarrisShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Human Cloning890 Words   |  4 Pages The ethics of cloning Early in 1997, Scottish scientist Dr. Ian Wilmot revealed to the world that he had successfully cloned an adult sheep, Dolly. With this invention, the world made a aggregate astonishment at the realization that cloning was no longer an aspect of a Science Fiction movie. Since then, human cloning has become one of the most expressing divergent topics in the world, discussions began regarding the ethic consequence of human cloning. In several recent opponents argue thatRead MoreHuman Cloning Ethics1908 Words   |  8 PagesKant and Kass Tackle the Cloning Dilemma Although there are some important benefits to the use of human cloning, there are also moral challenges as well. The benefits include eradicating defective genes and infertility and a quicker recovery from traumatic injuries among other advantages. However, the disadvantages are truly thought provoking as first an individual must answer the question, â€Å"When does a human life begin?† This paper will oppose the use of human cloning on the basis that life beginsRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human Cloning2096 Words   |  9 Pagesbodies, the human race stands easily as one of the most extraordinarily complex and mysterious species in the world. Since the beginning of time our race has been evolving with knowledge, constantly searching for a complete understanding of how we function, and how we can improve ourselves. Through various studies, researchers have thought of ways to modify the human body by means of medication, surgical procedures and other processes. One of these methods is through human reproductive cloning. The veryRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human Cloning Essay1927 Words   |  8 Pagesis created, and this act of reproductive cloning is regarded with controversy; is it morally permissible, or is it morally grotesque. There are certain elements to consider when debating the ethics of human cloning. Leon Kass in his article â€Å"The Wisdom of Repugnance† contends that reproductive cloning is morally corrupt, describing it as offensive, repulsive, and repugnant, believing these terms to be commonly associated with regards to human cloning. Kass goes forth with his arguments byRead MoreThe Ethics of Human Cloning Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is separated into two major categories; reproductive cloning, which uses cloning technology to create a human embryo that will produce an entire human, and therapeutic, which adopt cloning into field of medical practices to find a cure for many diseases (Kass). Reproductive cloning requires a somatic cell, a DNA-less egg, and a surrogate mother; as a result, it creates a new individual with the same genome, or genetic coding. The idea originated in Germany in 1938, but the first successfulRead MoreThe Controversy Concerning The Ethics Of Human Cloning1008 Words   |  5 PagesClones are humans. This statement embodies the crux of the controversy regarding the ethics of human cloning. If clones are humans, then they should receive the same rights as humans who were born ‘naturally’. But how do you determine humanity? The film Never Let Me Go (2010), ba sed on Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel of the same name, helps answer the question â€Å"Should we clone?† by establishing that humanity is more than the way one enters the world and by highlighting the unethical issues that may ariseRead MoreEssay about The Ethics of Human Cloning979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ethics of Human Cloning In order to make a fully justified decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not, one must be exposed to the background of the subject. To start, a clone is an exact replica of an organism, cell, or gene. The process itself is done asexually with the use of a cell from the original human. It is then placed inside a female capable of bearing a child and is then born as a clone. Along with this comes questions of whether or not it is rightRead MoreThe Cloning Of The Human Genome And With No Standard Line Of Ethics951 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue at hand is that scientists are in a period of enlightenment with the human genome and with no standard line of ethics pertaining to editing human embryos in research development other countries are taking liberty to beat around the bush to explore this concept of eugenics. After the cloning of dolly the goat and China cloning two monkeys without a genetic blood disease through a process called CISPR society are asking the same question. Are scientists taking this too far before it is readyRead MoreEthics of Human Cloning and Genetic Engineering Essay1843 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION When the Roslin Institutes first sheep cloning work was announced in March 1996 the papers were full of speculation about its long-term implications. Because of this discovery, the media’s attention has focused mainly on discussion of the possibility, of cloning humans. In doing so, it has missed the much more immediate impact of this work on how we use animals. Its not certain this would really lead to flocks of cloned lambs in the fields of rural America, or clinically reproducibleRead More The Opposition to Human Cloning: How Morality and Ethics Factor in2864 Words   |  12 PagesThe Opposition to Human Cloning: How Morality and Ethics Factor in If a random individual were asked twenty years ago if he/she believed that science could clone an animal, most would have given a weird look and responded, â€Å"Are you kidding me?† However, that once crazy idea has now become a reality, and with this reality, has come debate after debate about the ethics and morality of cloning. Yet technology has not stopped with just the cloning of animals, but now many scientists are contemplating

Comparative analysis of Marketing Communications strategies and mix for the Free Essay Example, 3000 words

Subsequently, in order to create product differentiation the company went in for logo changes in 1905, in 1906 and subsequently during WW-II. It was in late 90s that Pepsi started a new era in competition by targeting the young and fresh, with the unveiling of the GeneratioNext campaign. With the exception of brief bankruptcy stints in 1923 and 1932, Pepsi-Cola kept its place firmly at the heels of Coca-Cola through its creation of an extensive franchise bottling network and distribution outlets (Yoffie, 2004). On the other hand The Virgin Drinks group first launched the Virgin Cola company in 1994 with Virgin Cola in UK. And Virgin has been very fierce in its marketing efforts, with Richard Branson in the forefront. Markets in which Virgin Drinks are currently being locally manufactured and sold include UK, USA, Canada, France, China, Switzerland, Italy, Sweden, Japan, Bangladesh, South Africa, Tunisia, Afghanistan and Iraq. Virgin Drinks is also present in the French West Indies t hrough export opportunities. In fact UK market has one more serious contender for the market share in the form of Sainsbury, which has its own committed batch of consumers relishing on its non-alcoholic range including Elderflower crush, Watermelon crush, Spiced Indian tea, Fruit punch, and Quick lemonade. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative analysis of Marketing Communications strategies and mix for the or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now At one time it also provided some bubbling effect to the already fierce cola war, but now it has more or less opted out of the war syndrome. Analysis and Discussion As far as the Cola war is concerned, it is limited to the two main rivals in the UK markets which is quite apparent considering the following facts; i. Virgin is a relatively new entrant. ii. Though Virgin has given good competition to both Pepsi and Coke as it has eaten up into their market share, but the ‘War’ mechanism remains within Pepsi and Coke because Virgin is eating up the share of both companies in equal measure. iii. Apparently the Airlines business is the main business for Virgin, and to supplement this very business, Virgin has launched the soft-drinks. For example way back in 1946 when sugar supply was rationed, Pepsi CEO Walter Mack purchased a sugar plantation in Cuba which proved to be highly profitable for Pepsi, but that did not result in Pepsi becoming a sugar giant. Similarly Richard Branson wished to have his own brand of cold drinks, he came out with Virgin. But he is not too bothered with its limited growth over the years. Now Virgin has started strategically placing the drink in many more countries and markets.

Horrors of War - 1449 Words

Horrors of War. War to me is like a never-ending plague. The reason I say this, is because, I have met lots of people, who went to war for the sake of defending their country. War is devastating to countries and most individuals. Men and women can be left disturbed mentally, physically, and socially for the rest of their lives. But first, let us look at the causes, they are: Culture of violence, Globalization, Use of environmental resources, Colonialism and neo-colonialism, Racial, ethnic, religious, and gender intolerance, Gender injustice, Lack of protection and respect for children youth, Lack of democracy and just global governance, Belief that violence and warfare are inherent in human nature, Local community violence, and lastly†¦show more content†¦The present war has resulted in a lot of the Iraqi people being arrested, often for no more reason than having being related with people suspected of involvement in attacks against certain USA institutions. Many rights normally given arr estees are being denied. Others have been harassed because of their known disagreement to war and policies of cruelty even though they are known to be strictly nonviolent. War robs us of resources that could and should be used in helpful ways. The total for the present war on terrorism, expected to top $1.860 Trillion, are already jeopardizing funds for medical care and for many other needs and programs that benefit citizens and communities (Charles Ferguson). The ways to keep wars at bay is to Educate for peace, human rights and democracy, Counter the negative effects of globalization, Advance the sustainable and reasonable use of environmental resources, Get rid of colonialism and neo-colonialism, Get rid of racial, ethnic, religious and gender intolerance, Promote gender justice, Protect and respect children and youth, Promote international democracy and just global governance, Declare active non-violence, Eliminate communal violence at the local level, and join world religions in transforming the culture of violence into a culture of peace and justice. The thing the soldiers were fighting for was important enough to die for then it was also important enough forShow MoreRelatedHorrors of War1827 Words   |  8 Pages|Explain how R.C Sherriff conveys the horrors of war to the audience of â€Å"Journey’s End† | | | |English | | | |2/28/2010 | |Read MoreThe Vietnam War And Its Horrors1130 Words   |  5 Pages The Vietnam War and its horrors came into the living rooms of people through from news reports through television. This war was the first war to issue full freedom to the press. There was a huge response to what people saw in a negative way. Many people thought the war should not have been televised. According to â€Å"U.S. at War: A History of Shame†, it was until 1965 that the Vietnam War became a big story on television. Journalism coverage of this war using television had a huge effect on the peopleRead MoreHorror of War and Their Effects831 Words   |  3 PagesWorld War One is an event that occurred from 1914 to 1918. This war was very horrific and shocking incidents which shook the world. The First World War was a time of great loss of life and bloodshed. It was known as terrors and misery throughout the entire war. In the short story â€Å"1919† by Morrison and the poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen these two pieces of literature show the horror of war and their effects. World War One is known for the horrific and shocking incidents as well as theRead MoreWar, With Its Horror And Glory1242 Words   |  5 PagesWar, with its horror and glory, is something that should not be underestimated in its ability to teach truths about the human condition. War shows the bitter truth of the inevitability of death and exposes one’s family and nation to danger and destruction. However, the ability of war to unify a nation and enlighten the minds of soldiers is significant and is what should be remembered most because in that, one is able to transcend them self and evolve to be a better person. In Thucydides’ HistoryRead MoreThe Horror Of The Vietnam War890 Words   |  4 PagesSince the Vietnam War was fought in Southeast Asia, it is difficult for many Americans to imagine what the people of South Vietnam experienced during the Vietnam War. To bette r understand, the American people had to rely on eye-witness accounts, film clips, and photographs. One photograph in particular captures the horror of the Vietnam War. It is the image of Phan Phuc, a naked, nine-year- old, South Vietnamese girl, taken on June 8, 1972, by Nick Ut. The photograph shows the horrors of napalm, theRead MoreThe Horrors Of The War II2848 Words   |  12 PagesIt was December 23rd , 1943, and there they were, sitting in a ghost town that was once the fine city of Rostock. The soldiers were waiting patiently in the bombed out, abandoned airplane factory that still looked like a war zone. The area was littered with skeletons of World War II jets and engines that once fueled Hitler’s Wehrmacht and mighty blitzkriegs that helped him conquer most of Europe in its hey day. Hitler’s army went through Europe decimating buildings and works of art that had greatRead MoreThe Horrors Of The American Civil War1565 Words   |  7 PagesEssay A -1 Although the horrors of the American Civil War and Reconstruction within Indian Territory were fresh. Yet, the presence of Indian Territory changed drastically between 1865 and 1889, because of the â€Å"Second Trail of Tears†, the unrest of the Southern Plains tribes of western Indian Territory, and the impact of U.S. Polices on Indian Territory. The Indian Nations lost nearly half their land due to the Reconstruction treaties of 1866, which required the land lost to be used for resettlementRead MoreThe Horror Of War During World War II Essay2300 Words   |  10 PagesWar. War never changes. War has been a constant part of human history. It has greatly affected the lives of people around the world and results in one commonality. Death by the millions. War; instigated by the petty disagreements of those in power; fought by brave young men that had no other choice. No one truly wins a war; it does not untangle who is right, only who is left. The horrors of war are devastating; both mentally and physically. The horror is not only ever present during life on the frontline;Read MoreThe Horrors of War Exposed in Homers Iliad1379 Words   |  6 Pages The Horrors of War Exposed in Homer’s Iliad nbsp; There- Harpalion charged Menelaus - King Pylaemenes son Whod followed his father into war at Troy But he never reached his fatherland again. He closed on Atrides, spear stabbing his shield Right on the boss but the bronze could not drive through, So back he drew to his ranks, dodging death, glancing Left and right, fearing a lance would graze his flesh. But Meriones caught him in full retreat, he let fly With a bronze-tippedRead MoreWilfred Owen Depicts The Horror And Futility Of War1008 Words   |  5 Pagesdepicts the horror and futility of war and the impact war has on individuals.† What is your view? Wilfred Owen’s porter vividly depicts the horror and futility of war and the detrimental impact of war upon the soldiers. Owen’s poem, ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’, written in 1917 depicts the horror of war as the physical and mental damages on the solders. Most importantly, the context of the poem subverts its title. In his other poem, ‘Futility’ written in 1918, conveys war as fatal and that war is pure wastage

A Christmas Carol (English Coursework) Free Essays

During 1843 Charles Dickens wrote a novel ‘A Christmas Carol’. The novel was influences by the experience Charles Dickens had of the social divide of the rich and the poor during the Victorian times. Charles Dickens had a terrible childhood, his family spent several years in increasing poverty. We will write a custom essay sample on A Christmas Carol (English Coursework) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dickens was sent to work long hours in a blacking factory. This was because his father was imprisoned for debt in 1824. Dickens spent ten hours a day sticking labels on pots of boot blacking. His life was miserable and he was determined to improve the quality of his and those of other poor people. Crime rates increased dramatically due to poverty and destitution. The memories of these hard times haunted dickens for the rest of his life. He felt bad about the neglect of the poor. In a lot of his work he describes the issues with poverty and the social and physical conditions of Victorian London. He compares these conditions to the wealthy, luxurious lifestyles of the upper class to bring awareness of the disgusting standards of living at the lower end of society, so that everyone could be educated on this subject, he even gave public reading of his own work. London’s industrial age helped the UK to become rich and successful. However, this era had affected the country physically, socially, and culturally, because of the establishment of the factory system. Many people began moving to cities in search of a secure job, this lead to a huge growth in the population. This caused there to be three times more people living in Great Britain at the end of the century than the beginning. The overcrowding resulted in conditions that were dangerous and caused an increase in crime and poverty. In London the river Thames was full of sewage and the air was full of soot and pollution. Young children and adults were forced to work 14 hours a day and were paid rock bottom wages even though they were working in life threatening conditions. The poor had no jobs, not enough food and had a low life expectancy of twenty nine. This was because most people in the bottom end of society were malnourished which was caused by starvation they also couldn’t afford healthcare. However, the higher classes made increasing profits at the expense of the poor. The rich took advantage of the poor by forcing them to work long hours in life threatening conditions for little pay. The rich thought the poor were poor because they were lazy and couldn’t be bothered to do anything. At the beginning of the novel the reader is immediately given a negative impression of scrooge being a stingy old man. Dickens emphasises the point by describing Scrooge with many words that all mean nearly the same: â€Å"Oh but he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner! This is effective in showing the reader that his desire for money comes before anything else. It shows that his number one priority is making as much profit as possible. This makes the reader get the impression that Scrooge is extremely horrible and greedy. When Dickens uses weather to describe Scrooge he makes him sound as horrible as possible, a man who has no feelings. â€Å"External heat and cold has little influence on Scrooge. No warmth could warm, no wintry weather chill him. † Dickens suggests that no weather has an affect on him whether it’s cold or hot. Scrooge is much too cold hearted to be affected by anything or anyone, no matter what time of year. Scrooge is presented as being unattractive and having no emotions. â€Å"The cold within him froze his old features,† this makes the reader think the cold from inside him has made him ugly on the outside. This description of Scrooge is made even more unpleasant when it is compared to that of Scrooges cheerful nephew. When Scrooges nephew, Fred comes to wish Scrooge a merry Christmas Scrooge replies by saying, â€Å"what reason do you have to be merry? This shows the reader that Scrooge has no respect for his nephew. It is also ironic as he thinks no poor person has anything to be merry about, But he is rich and miserable. He, like many of the rich at that time believed the poor are poor because they are lazy. When two men come to Scrooge to ask for money to give to charity he replies, â€Å"I don’t make merry myself at Christmas, and I can’t afford to make idle people merry. † This shows that scrooge is hard-hearted and doesn’t see the poor as people but sees them as a problem. Scrooge thinks that the poor should be left to die to decrease the population as there was overcrowding in London at the time this novel was written. ‘If they would rather die’ Said Scrooge, ‘they had better do it, ‘and decrease the surplus population. The miserable and gloomy mood of Scrooge is further emphasised by Dickens use of pathetic fallacy. â€Å"The fog comes pouring in at every chink and keyhole†¦ â€Å"The houses opposite were mere phantoms. † The use of pathetic fallacy creates a dull atmosphere which matches the atmosphere created by Scrooge. The use of the word ‘Phantoms’ creates an even spookier atmosphere. It is almost as if what ever Scrooge is feeling he will make the same atmosphere and weather as he is feeling. In stave three Dickens describes the Market Place and the poor part of town: both give a different impression to the reader. â€Å"There were great round potbellied baskets of chest nuts, shaped like the waistcoats of jolly old gentleman,† By Dickens using this simile it makes the reader think of father Christmas because he is often described as being happy and joyful. This is effective in showing that people don’t have to be rich to be joyful. This description of the market place is made even more cheerful when compared to the miserable and unpleasant, poor part of town which is shown to be a depressing and disheartening place to live. The description of the poor part of town is shown as being even more unattractive, â€Å"The people half naked, drunken, slipshod, ugly. † The comparison between the cheerful market place and the poor part of town is really important because it shows how the rich people live and how depressing the lives of poor people are. This is effective in showing people how lucky they are compared to the poor people’s lifestyles. Victorian society is reflected as being greedy and non-caring and also shows the massive social divide between the rich and the poor. By the end of the novel Scrooge has completely transformed from being a bitter and miserable old sinner into a more cheerful and energetic youthful man. He used to be, â€Å"A squeezing, wrenching, clutching, covetous, old sinner! † whereas at the end of the novel he describes himself as, â€Å"I am as light as a feather. I am as happy as a school boy, I am as giddy as a drunken man. A merry Christmas to everybody! † This description of Scrooge shows that he is no longer a grumpy old man and now has changed into a much more youthful and jolly man. He no longer thinks that he is better than all poor people and that poor people can’t be merry. In this section of the novel there is a lot of exclamation marks and short sentences used to show that he is peaking excitedly, this enhances the fact that he is in a happy and enthusiastic mood. This use of short sentences and exclamation marks almost makes Scrooge sound younger. In my opinion ‘A Christmas Carol’ is really effective in informing the reader of the social divide between the rich and the poor during Victorian times. I think that the book would have been good at informing the rich about the appalling living standards of the poor par of town. There was no other way for the rich people to find out about this because they had never been to this part of the town. I think that Charles Dickens was trying to make everyone aware of the poverty and overcrowding the poor people were going through, he was emotionally attached because he had been through this for most of his childhood and early adulthood. How to cite A Christmas Carol (English Coursework), Papers

Accounting for Business Decision Evaluation Comprises

Question: Describe about the Accounting for Business Decision for Evaluation Comprises. Answer: Fair Market Value of Patent Comprehension of the value of the patents along with the valuation of many other tangible as well as intangible assets offer an appropriate representation of the total worth of an organization (Henderson et al. 2015). The financial evaluation comprises of the development of different assumptions as well as valuation models that are necessary for the determination of the fair value of the patent. Enumerations of the present value (PV) of the patent Present Value of Patent: 1st year cash flow: (PV of 100+PV annuity of 800) of 8% = $778,463,000 2nd Year Cash Flow: PV of 100 for 10 yrs 8% =$671,008,000 As rightly indicated by Horngren et al. (2012), there is a fundamental supposition that the higher the fair value the better it will be. However, AASB 13 explicates illustratively the overall fair value dimension (Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. 2016). As rightly mentioned by Henderson et al. (2015), the fair value reflects the overall estimated value of all the assets along with liabilities of a acquired business that can be applied with the intention of combining the financial declarations of the company. Again, the fair value can be effectively a market-based calculation and is not a business unit particular procedure of calculation. In accordance to the principles stipulated under AASB 13, the benchmark refers to the fair value as the specific price (Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. 2016). This price can be acquired from selling different asset and at the same time paid for transfer of liability (Liu and Kuang 2014). However, this can be regarded as an organized system between diverse markets participants recorded during the date of enumeration (Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. 2016). Consequently, higher price is considered comparatively better. As a result, the present supposition that mentions that higher fair value is better can be considered accurate (Henderson et al. 2015). Hence, as per the supposition of the present study, the higher present value of the patent can be taken into account. The present value of the cash flow for the first year is enumerated to be $778463000 and the present value of the cash flow for the second year is calculated to be $671,008,000. Therefore, as per the assumption the higher present value of the patent can be taken into account for the present case that in turn amounts to $778,463,000. References Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. (2016).Aasb.gov.au. Retrieved 14 September 2016, from https://www.aasb.gov.au Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Horngren, C., Harrison, W., Oliver, S., Best, P., Fraser, D. and Tan, R., 2012.Financial Accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Liu, Y. and Kuang, Y., 2014. The Establishment of Management Accounting System in Administrative Institutions.Journal of Accounting and Economics,2, p.003.

Short Biography Rudolph Valentino free essay sample

Your name Instructor Us Lit Comp Rudolph Valentino The Great Lover was the nickname given to Rudolph Valentino when he became a motion picture star. He helped define what a star should be and represented the screens first Latin Lover. His early death at age 31 only increased his legendary status especially among women; He often played as an evil villain because of his foreign looks. Rudolph Valentino became one of the great romantic idols of Hollywoods Silent movie era. First of all, Rudolph valentine first passion was to become a Dancer. In New York, Valentino worked several menial Jobs before becoming a nightclub dancer. He partnered with Bonnie Glass for a time, replacing Clifton Webb (who later became an actor). Valentino Joined a national touring production, but it folded in Utah. Rudolph then made his way to San Francisco where he resumed his dancing career. In 1920, Valentino set his sights on Hollywood. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Biography: Rudolph Valentino or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At first, Valentino only landed bit parts, often playing the bad guy. In 1921, Valentino married actress Jean Acker, but their union was never consummated. According to several accounts, Acker locked Valentino out of their hotel room on their wedding night. According to experts, prior to the marriage, Acker had been in a romantic elationship with a woman. Second, Valentino captured the attention of screenwriter June Mathis, who believed that he was the perfect choice for the lead in The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. She had to work hard to convince the executives at Metro to sign Valentino, but they finally agreed. He stole the hearts of female movie- goers by dancing a tango in his first scene in the film. The movie was a box office hit, and the darkly handsome actor quickly became a star. The mania around Valentino grew so rapidly that some women reportedly fainted when they saw him in his next picture The Sheik . This desert romance told the story of a Bedouin chief who wins over a cultured, Anglo woman. The following year, Valentino had another stellar success with Blood and Sand. This time around, he was a bullfghter who falls under the spell of a charming seductress. Finally, While he was still a popular draw at the box office, Valentino struggled the public and media perceptions of him. He challenged one newspaper writer to a fght after he was criticized in an editorial called Pink Powder Puffs. In response to the piece, Valentino wrote: You slur my Italian ancestry; you ridicule upon my Italian name; you cast doubt upon my anhood. Valentino also suffered from commonly held prejudices about immigrants, having been denied roles for being too foreign. On a promotional tour for The Son of the Sheik, Valentino became ill. He was taken to a New York hospital, where he had surgery on August 15, 1926, to treat acute appendicitis and ulcers. In the days after the surgery,